New Testament Times: Social, Historical, and Religious Contexts
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Primary Sources
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Original Witnessing:
1
Tanach
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Scherman, Rabbi Nosson, editor. Tanach The Torah / Prophets / Writings: The Twenty-Four Books of the Bible Newly Translated and Annotated [Brooklyn, N. Y.: Mesorah Publication, Ltd., 1996], 2079 pages. BS 895.S77 1996
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Belated or New Witnessing
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Levine, Amy-Jill, and Marc Zvi Brettler, editors. The Jewish Annotated New Testament, (New Revised Standard Version Bible Translation) [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2011], 637 pages. BS2091.5.A1 2011 08.
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Notes on version:
In addition to providing numerous essays under the categories Jewish / Christian "History and Society," "Literature," and "Jewish Responses to the New Testament,", the two introductory essays - "Bearing False Witness: Common Errors Made about Early Judaism," and "The New Testament between the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and Rabbinic Literature," give a much needed perspective which enriches the understanding of the place of customs, literature, and interpretation, that is to say, the social, historical, and religious contexts, in which the New Testament was immersed in first- and second-century Judaism.
All of this material is in addition to numerous sidebar essays, maps, charts, diagrams, and other tables, a glossary, and the requisite index.
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Lattimore, Richard, translator. The New Testament [New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997], 612 pages. BS2095.L26 1997.
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Notes on version:
Those who believe that Jesus and his followers originally spoke in the language of the 1611 King James version of the Bible will have a difficult time accepting this (or any other) version of the New Testament (but, on the other hand, cf. Manny Rayner's review [from Goodreads]).
Richard Lattimore, the translator, was among the most distinguished translators of the Greek classics. His aim was to provide a simple, literal rendering in which the syntax and order of the Greek dictate the character of the English style. He let the words of the Apostles and early disciples speak for themselves with an accuracy and fidelity to the original language that is a gift to today's reader. He tried to let all of his texts translate themselves with as little interference as possible.
Since Mark is, by general if not universal consent, the earliest evangelist, the translator starts with his gospel. There are some terms in this gospel which cannot always be translated in the same way, or even at all. The rest of the books are in the traditional order.
He has followed The New Testament in Greek, by Westcott and Hort, as a text. Rare exceptions have been noted. Words enclosed in square brackets are of doubtful authenticity. The translator also regularly consulted The Pelican Gospel Commentaries and A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 2nd Edition. At the back is a section of notes which explain his translations or give alternate interpretations.
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Nag Hammadi Codices
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Robinson, James M., general editor. The Coptic Gnostic Library: A Complete Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices [Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2000], 5 volumes. BT 1391.A3 2000
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Dead Sea Scrolls
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Wise, Michael O., Martin Abegg, Jr., and Edward Cook translators. The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation, Revised Edition, [San Francisco, CA.: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005], 662 pages. BM 487.A3 2005
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Flavius Josephus (Yosef ben Matituahu)
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Mason, Steve, editor. Flavius Josephus, Translation and Commentary [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2000-<2007>], Volumes 3-5, 9-10, DS116.J7 2000
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Whiston, William, translator. The New Complete Works of Josephus, Revised and Expanded Edition with commentary by Paul L Maier [Grand Rapids, MI.: Kregel Publications, 1999], 1155 pages. DS116.J7 1999
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Ten Volumes (186, 203, 210, 242, 281, 326, 365, 410, 433, 456) available in the Loeb Classical Library [Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1929 - 1978], PA3612.P35
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Philo Judaeus of Alexandria
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Yonge, Charles Duke, translator. The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, with Foreward by David M. Scholer [Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1993], 918 pages. B689.A4 E5 1993.
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Publisher's Description:
While it would not be correct to say that Philo's works have been "lost" — scholars have always known and used Philo — they have essentially been "misplaced" as far as the average student of the Bible is concerned. Now the translation of the eminent classicist C. D. Yonge is available in an affordable, easy-to-read edition, with a new foreword and newly translated passages, and containing supposed fragments of Philo's writings from ancient authors such as John of Damascus. The title and arrangement of the writings have been standardized according to scholarly conventions.
A contemporary of Paul and Jesus, Philo Judaeus, of Alexandria, Egypt, is unquestionably among the most important writers for historians and students of Hellenistic Judaism and early Christianity. Although Philo does not explicitly mention Jesus, or Paul, or any of the followers of Jesus, Philo lived in their world. It is from Philo, for example, that we learn about how, like the Gospel of John, Jews (and Greeks) in the Greco-Roman world spoke of the creative force of God as God's Logos. Philo, too, employs interpretive strategies that parallel those of the author of Hebrews. Most scholars would agree that Philo and the author of Hebrews are drawing from the same, or at least similar, traditions of Hellenistic Judaism. With these kind of connections to the world of Judaism and early Christianity, Philo cannot be ignored.
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Ten Volumes (226, 227, 247, 261, 275, 289, 320, 341, 363, 379) and two Supplements (380, 401) available in the Loeb Classical Library [Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1929 - 1962], PA3612.P35
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Cornelius Tacitus
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Church, Alfred John, and William Jackson Brodribb translators. Annals Histories Agricola Germania [New York, N. Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009], 850 pages. PA 6707.A7 C58 2009
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Recommended Reference Sources
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Backgrounds to the Judeo-Christian Scriptures
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Original Witnessing
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Alexander, T. Desmond, and David W. Baker, editors. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, The IVP Bible Dictionary Series. [Downers Grove, IL.: Intervarsity Press, 2002], 976 pages. BS 1225.52.D53 2002
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Arnold, Bill T., and H. G. M. Williamson, editors. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, The IVP Bible Dictionary Series. [Downers Grove, IL.: Intervarsity Press, 2005], 1,084 pages. BS 1205.55.D53 2005
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Baskin, Judith R., and Kenneth Seeskin, editors. The Cambridge Guide to Jewish History, Religion, and Culture [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2010], 539 pages. BM 155.3.C36 2010
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Charles, Robert Henry, editor. The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, with Introductions and Critical and Explanatory Notes to the Several Books [Oxford, England: The Clarendon Press, 1913], 2 volumes. BS 1692 1913
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Charlesworth, James H., editor. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha and the New Testament [Harrisburg, PA.: Trinity Press Internationa, 1998], 145 pages. BS 1700.C44 1998
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Fonrobert, Charlotte Elisheva, and Martin S. Jaffee, editors. The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2007], 412 pages. BM 504.C36 2007
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Greenspahn, Frederick E., editor. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship [New York, NY: New York University Press, 2008], 231 pages. BS 1171.3.H43 2008
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Hazony, Yoram. The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture: An Introduction [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2012], 392 pages. BS 1186.3.H39 2012
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Longman III, Temper, and Peter Enns, editors. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, The IVP Bible Dictionary Series. [Downers Grove, IL.: Intervarsity Press, 2008], 976 pages. BS 440.D53 2008
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McNamara, Martin, project director. The Aramaic Bible: The Targums [Wilmington, DE.: M. Glazier, 1987 - 1998], 14 volumes. BS 709.2.B 1987
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Pietersma, Albert, and Benjamin G. Wright, editors. A New English Translation of the Septuagint: And the Other Greek Translations Traditionally Included Under That Title [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2007], 1027 pages. BS 742.P54 2007
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Rosenberg, David, translator. A Literary Bible: An Original Translation [Berkeley, CA.: Counterpoint, 2009], 688 pages. BS 1091.B37 2009
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Steinsaltz, Rabbi Adin. The Talmud: A Reference Guide [New York, N. Y.: Random House, 1989], 323 pages. BM 499.5 E4 1989
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Belated Witnessing
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Barrett, Charles Kingsley, editor. The New Testament Background: Selected Documents [San Francisco, CA.: Harper & Row, 1989], 361 pages. BS 2410.B28 1989
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Cartlidge, David R., and David L. Dungan, editors. Documents for the Study of the Gospels [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 1994], 298 pages. BS 2555.5.D62 1994
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Dunn, James Douglas Grant. Jesus Remembered (Christianity in the Making, Vol. 1) [Grand Rapids, MI.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003], 1019 pages. BT 203.D86 2003
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_____________________. Beginning From Jerusalem (Christianity in the Making, Vol. 2) [Grand Rapids, MI.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008], 1347 pages. BR 162.3.D86 2008
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Ehrman, Bart D., translator and editor. The Apostolic Fathers [Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 2003], 2 volumes. BR 60.A62
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Elliott, James Keith, editor. The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation, Revised Edition [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1999], 747 pages. BS 2832.A2 1999
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Flusser, David, with R. Steven Notley. The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus' Genius, 4th Expanded Edition with an Introduction by James H. Charlesworth. [Grand Rapids, MI.: William B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007], 191 pages. BT 310.3.F58 2007
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Harvey, Susan Ashbrook, and David G Hunter, editors. The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2010], 1020 pages. BR 121.3.O99 2010
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Hawthorne, Gerald F., Ralph P. Martin, and Daniel G. Reid, editors. Dictionary of Paul and His Letters: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, The IVP Bible Dictionary Series. [Downers Grove, IL.: Intervarsity Press, 1993], 1,067 pages. BS 2650.2.D53 1993
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Holmes, Michael W., translator and editor. The Apostolic Fathers in English, 3rd ed. [Grand Rapids, MI.: Baker Academic, 2006], 331 pages. BR 60.A62 2006
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Kloppenborg, John S. Q, the Earliest Gospel: An Introduction to the Original Stories and Sayings of Jesus [Louisville, KY.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008], 170 pages. BS2555.52.K56 2008
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Lindemann, Andreas, editor. The Sayings Source Q and the Historical Jesus (Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium, Book 158) [Leuven, Belgium: Peeters Publishers, 2001], 775 pages. BS 2555.52 S39 2001
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Maccoby, Hyam. Revolution in Judaea: Jesus and the Jewish Resistance [New York, NY: Taplinger Publishing Company, 1980], 256 pages. BM 620.M3 1980
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Martin, Ralph P., and Peter H. Davids, editors. Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Development: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, The IVP Bible Dictionary Series. [Downers Grove, IL.: Intervarsity Press, 1997], 1,319 pages. BS 2625.5.D53 1997
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McNamer, Elizabeth and Bargil Pixner. Jesus and First-Century Christianity in Jerusalem [New York: Paulist Press, 2008], 100 pages. BR 162.3.M425 2008
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Ratzinger, Joseph, Pope Benedict XVI. Jesus of Nazareth [New York: Doubleday, 2007], 374 pages. BT 301.3.B4613 2007
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____________________________. Jesus of Nazareth Part Two, Holy Week: From the Entrance into Jerusalem to the Resurrection [San Francisco, CA.: Ignatius Press, 2011], 362 pages. BT301.3.B46213 2011
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____________________________. Jesus of Nazareth Part Three, The Infancy Narratives [New York, NY.: Random House, 2012], 132 pages. BT301.3.B46213 2012
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Rogerson, J. W., and Judith M. Lieu, editors. The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2006], 896 pages. BS 511.3.094 2006
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Schürer, Emil. The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C. to A.D. 135), translated by T. A. Burkill, et alia; revised and edited by Geza Vermes and Fergus Miller, 3 vols. [Edinburgh, Scotland.: T & T Clark Publishers, 1973 - 1987] DS 122.S422 1987
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Strauss, Mark. Four Portraits, One Jesus: An Introduction to Jesus and the Gospels [Grand Rapids, MI.: Zondervan, 2007], 560 pages. BS 2555.52.S86 2007
(also see the bibliography items selected from this specific work here and a large selection of αναγιγνωσκομενα (“things that are read”) internet bibliography items 2 )
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Nag Hammadi Codices
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Evans, Craig A., Robert L. Webb, and Richard A. Wiebe, editors. Nag Hammadi Texts and the Bible: A Synopsis and Index [Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1993], 551 pages. BT 1391.N355 1993
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Meyer, Marvin. The Gnostic Discoveries: The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library [New York, N. Y.: HarperCollins, 2005], 239 pages. BT 1391.M49 2005
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Meyer, Marvin, and Willis Barnstone, editors. The Gnostic Bible, Rev. Ed. [Boston, MA.: Shambhala, 2009], 881 pages. BT 1390.G4937 2009
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Dead Sea Scrolls
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Lim, Timothy H., and John J Collins, editors. The Oxford Handbook of the Dead Sea Scrolls [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press,, 2010], 785 pages. BM 487.O98 2010
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Martinez, Florentino Garcia, and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, editors. The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition [Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2000], 2 volumes, 1361 pages. BM 487.A3 1999
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Schiffman, Lawrence H. Qumran and Jerusalem: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the History of Judaism [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2010], 483 pages. BM 487.S3127 2010
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Vermes, Geza, translator and editor. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English, Revised Edition [New York, N. Y.: Penguin, 2004], 694 pages. BM 487.A3 2004b
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Falvius Josephus
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Feldman, Louis H. Josephus and Modern Scholarship, 1937 - 1980 [New York, NY.: W. de Gruyter, 1984], 1,055 pages. Z 8457.53.F44 1984
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_____________. Josephus: A Supplementary Bibliography [New York, NY.: Garland Publishers, 1986], 696 pages. Z 8457.53.F437 1986
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Rhoads, David M. Israel in Revolution, 6 - 74 C. E.: A Political History Based on the Writings of Josephus [Philadephia, PA.: Fortress Press, 1976], 199 pages. DS 122.R47
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Philo Judaeus of Alexandria
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Kamesar, Adam, editor. The Cambridge Companion to Philo [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2009], 301 pages. B 689.Z7 C29 2009
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Schenck, Kenneth. A Brief Guide to Philo [Louisville, KY.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2005], 172 pages. B 689.Z7 S34 2005
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Williamson, Ronald. Jews in the Hellenistic World: Philo [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1989], 315 pages. B 689.Z7 W54 1989
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Cornelius Tacitus
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Pagan, Victoria Emma, editor. A Companion to Tacitus [West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2012], 600 pages. PA 6716.C66 2012
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Egypt
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Bagnall, Roger S. Early Christian Books in Egypt [Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 2009], 109 pages. BR 190.B34 2009
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Goehring, James E., and Janet A. Timbie, editors. The World of Early Egyptian Christianity: Language, Literature, and Social Context: Essays in Honor of David W. Johnson [Washington, D. C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2007], 226 pages. BR 190.W67 2007
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Kovelman, Arkady. Between Alexandria and Jerusalem: The Dynamic of Jewish and Hellenistic Culture [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2005], 177 pages. DS 121.65.K68 2005
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Jerusalem
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Goodman, Martin. Rome and Jerusalem: The Clash of Ancient Civilizations 1st U. S. edition [New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007], 598 pages. DS 121.7.G66 2007
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______________. Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays [Boston, MA: Brill, 2007], 275 pages. BM 176.G66 2007
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Hadas-Lebel, Mireille. Jerusalem Against Rome [Leuven, Belgium: Peeters, 2005], 581 pages. BM 496.9.R66 H3313 2005
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Kovelman, Arkady. Between Alexandria and Jerusalem: The Dynamic of Jewish and Hellenistic Culture [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2005], 177 pages. DS 121.65.K68 2005
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McNamer, Elizabeth and Bargil Pixner. Jesus and First-Century Christianity in Jerusalem [New York: Paulist Press, 2008], 100 pages. BR 162.3.M425 2008
-
Schiffman, Lawrence H. Qumran and Jerusalem: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the History of Judaism [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2010], 483 pages. BM 487.S3127 2010
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Shaw, Brent D. “Tyrants, Bandits, and Kings: Personal Power in Josephus” Journal of Jewish Studies, 44:2 (1993), 176-204.
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Sorek, Susan. The Jews Against Rome: War in Palestine AD 66 - 73 [New York: Continuum, 2008], 175 pages. DS122.8.S67 2008
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Rome
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Beard, Mary, John North, and Simon Price, editors. Religions of Rome [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1998], 2 volumes. BL 802.B43 1998
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Goodman, Martin. The Roman World, 44 BC - AD 180 2nd Edition [New York, NY: Routledge, 2012], 413 pages. DG 254.G66 2012
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______________. Rome and Jerusalem: The Clash of Ancient Civilizations 1st U. S. edition [New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007], 598 pages. DS 121.7.G66 2007
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Hadas-Lebel, Mireille. Jerusalem Against Rome [Leuven, Belgium: Peeters, 2005], 581 pages. BM 496.9.R66 H3313 2005
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North, John A., and Simon R. F. Price, editors. The Religious History of the Roman Empire: Pagans, Jews, and Christians [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2011], 577 pages. BL 803.R62 2011
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Sorek, Susan. The Jews Against Rome: War in Palestine AD 66 - 73 [New York: Continuum, 2008], 175 pages. DS122.8.S67 2008
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Other Secondary Sources
-
Backgrounds to the Judeo-Christian Scriptures
-
Original Witnessing
-
Beebe, Stephen. Between the Menorah and the Cross: Jesus, the Jews, and the Battle for the Early Church [Bloomington, IN.: Xlibris Corporation Publishers, 2008], 174 pages. BR 195.J8 B44 2008
-
Boccaccini, Gabriele, and John Joseph Collins, editors The Early Enoch Literature, Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism, 121 [Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2007], 367 pages. BS 1830.E7 E15 2007
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Boteach, Rabbi Shmuley. Kosher Jesus [Springfield, N. J.: Gefen Books, 2012], 238 pages. BM 620.B68 2011
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Boyarin, Daniel. Border Lines: The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity [Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004], 374 pages. BR 129.B69 2004
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___________. The Jewish Gospels: The Story of the Jewish Christ [New York: New Press, 2012], 224 pages. BM 620.B69 2011
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Broadhead, Edwin K. Jewish Ways of Following Jesus: Redrawing the Religious Map of Antiquity [Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010], 440 pages. BR 195.J8 B76 2010
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Bütz, Jeffrey J. The Secret Legacy of Jesus: The Judaic Teachings that Passed from James the Just to the Founding Fathers [Rochester, VT.: Inner Traditions, 2010], 367 pages. BR 195.J8 B88 2010
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Collins, John Joseph. Jewish Cult and Hellenistic Culture: Essays on the Jewish Encounter with Hellenism and Roman Rule [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2005], 231 pages. BM 176.C645 2005
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Cox, Ronald. By the Same Word: Creation and Salvation in Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity [Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co., 2007], 392 pages. BS 680.C69 C692 2007
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Crook, Zeba A., and Philip A Harland. Identity and Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean: Jews, Christians and Others: Essays in Honour of Stephen G. Wilson [Sheffield, England: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2007], 291 pages. BR 170.I34 2007
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Epstein, Isodore, editor. The Babylonian Talmud: Translated into English with Notes, Glossary, and Indicies [London, England: Soncino Press, 1935 - 48], 30 volumes. BM 500.E57
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Fischer, Raymond Robert. The Ways of the Way: Restoring the Jewish Roots of the Modern Church: An Examination of the History, Theology, and Worship Practice of the First Jewish Believers [Lake Mary, FL.: Creation House, 2009], 355 pages. BR 195.J8 F57 2009
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Fraade, Steven D., Aharon Shemesh, and Ruth A. Clements, editors. Rabbinic Perspectives: Rabbinic Literature and the Dead Sea Scrolls [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2006], 211 pages. BM 487.O75 2003
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Goldenberg, Robert. The Origins of Judaism: From Canaan to the Rise of Islam [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2007], 299 pages. BM 155.3.G65 2007
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Gurtner, Daniel M., editor. This World and the World to Come: Soteriology in Early Judaism; Library of Second Temple Studies 74 [London, England: T & T Clark International {A Continuum Imprint}, 2011], 364 pages. BM645.S24 T45 2011
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Henze, Matthias, editor. A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2011], 568 pages. BS 1186.C66 2012
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Horsley, Richard A. Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea [Louisville, KY.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2007], 262 pages. BM 176.H567 2007
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Jackson-McCabe, Matt, editor. Jewish Christianity Reconsidered: Rethinking Ancient Groups and Texts [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2007], 389 pages. BR 195.J8 J492 2007
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Kooten, Geurt Hendrik van. Paul's Anthropology in Context: The Image of God, Assimilation to God, and Tripartite Man in Ancient Judaism, Ancient Philosophy and Early Christianity [Tubingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 2008], 444 pages. BS 2655.M3 K66 2008
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Levine, Amy-Jill. The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus [New York: HarperCollins, 2006], 250 pages. BM 535.L393 2006
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Lieu, Judith M. Christian Identity in the Jewish and Graeco-Roman World [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2004], 370 pages. BR 166.L54 2004
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Maccoby, Hyam. Early Rabbinic Writings [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1988], 245 pages. BM 496.5.M23 1988
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Monshouwer, Dirk. The Gospels and Jewish Worship: Bible and Synagogal Liturgy in the First Century C. E. [Vught, Netherland: Skandalon, 2010], 447 pages. BR 195.J8 M65 2010
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Neusner, Jacob. Making God's Word Work: A Guide to the Mishnah [New York, N. Y.: Continuum, 2004], 375 pages. BM 497.8.N4764 2004
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__________. The Mishnah: A New Translation [New Haven, CN.: Yale University Press, 1988], 1162 pages. BM 497.5.E5 N48 1988
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Neusner, Jacob, editor. The Babylonian Talmud: A Translation and Commentary [Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2011], 22 volumes. BM504.N44 2011
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__________________. The Documentary History of Judaism and Its Recent Interpreters [Lanham, MD.: University Press of America, 2010], 241 pages. BM 155.3.D63 2010
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Neusner, Jacob, William Scott Green, and Ernest S. Frerichs, editors. Judaisms and Their Messiahs at the Turn of the Christian Era [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1987], 301 pages. BM615.J84 1987
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Nickelsburg, George W. E. Jewish Literature Between the Bible and the Mishnah: A Historical and Literary Introduction [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2005], 445 pages. BS 1700.N48 2005
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Oegema, Gerbern S. Apocalyptic Interpretation of the Bible: Apocalypticism and Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism, the Apostle Paul, the Historical Jesus, and their Reception History (Jewish and Christian Texts, Vol. 13) [London, England: T&T Clark International, 2012], 194 pages. BT 821.3.O44 2012
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Poorthuis, Marcel, Joshua Schwartz, and Joseph Turner, editors. Interaction Between Judaism and Christianity in History, Religion, Art, and Literature [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2009], 562 pages. BM 535.I4856 2009
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_________________. Understanding Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism [Jersey City, N. J.: Ktav Publishing House, 2003], 409 pages. BM 150.S34 2003
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Rendsburg, Gary A. “Biblical Literature as Politics: The Case of Genesis” in Berlin, Adele, ed. Religion and Politics in the Ancient Near East [Bethesda, MD.: University Press of Maryland, 1996], pp. 47 - 70. BL 1600.R428 1996
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_________________. “The Genesis of the Bible” Inaugural Lecture, The Blanche and Irving Laurie Chair in Jewish History in The Allen and Joan Bildner Center for the Study of Jewish Life, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, October 28, 2004 (retrieved online at http://jewishstudies.rutgers.edu/component/docman/doc_view/117-the-genesis-of-the-bible, 20130202 18:24)
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_________________. “Israel Without the Bible” in Greenspahn, Frederick E., ed. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship [New York, N. Y.: New York University Press, 2008], pp. 3 - 23. BS 1171.3 H43 2008
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Skarsaune, Oskar, and Reidar Hvalvik, editors. Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Early Centuries [Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2007], 930 pages. BR 195.J8 J49 2007
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Solomon, Norman. Historical Dictionary of Judaism, 2nd Ed. [Lanham, MD.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2006], 537 pages. BM 50.S65 2006
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Sparks, Kenton L. Ancient Texts for the Study of the Hebrew Bible: A Guide to the Background Literature [Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 2005], 514 pages. BS 1184.S63 2005
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Tait, Michael, and Peter Oakes, editors. The Torah in the New Testament [New York: T&T Clark International, 2008], 278 pages. BS 2393.T67 2009
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Belated Witnessing
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Aageson, James W. Paul, the Pastoral Epistles, and the Early Church [Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2008], 235 pages. BR 162.3.A24 2008
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Bailey, Kenneth E. Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gosples [Downers Grove, IL.: InterVarsity Press, 2008], 443 pages. BT 299.3.B35 2007
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Bakke, Odd Magne. When Children Became People: The Birth of Childhood in Early Christianity, translated by Brian McNeil [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2005], 348 pages. BR 195.C46 B35 2005
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Beebe, Stephen. Between the Menorah and the Cross: Jesus, the Jews, and the Battle for the Early Church [Bloomington, IN.: Xlibris Corporation Publishers, 2008], 174 pages. BR 195.J8 B44 2008
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Bird, Michael F., and Jason Maston, editors. Earliest Christian History: History, Literature, and Theology: Essays from the Tyndale Fellowship in Honor of Martin Hengel [Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012], 681 pages. BR 160.A1 E375 2012
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Boteach, Rabbi Shmuley. Kosher Jesus [Springfield, N. J.: Gefen Books, 2012], 238 pages. BM 620.B68 2011
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Brown, Callum G., and Michael Snape, editors. Secularisation in the Christian World: Essays in Honour of Hugh McLeod [Burlington, VT.: Ashgate Publishing, 2010], 238 pages. BR 162.3.S42 2010
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Brown, Peter. The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity [New York: Columbia University Press, 2008], 504 pages. BR 195.C45 B76 2008
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Buell, Denise Kimber. Why This New Race: Ethnic Reasoning in Early Christianity [New York: Columbia University Press, 2005], 257 pages. BR 195.R37 B84 2005
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Bütz, Jeffrey J. The Secret Legacy of Jesus: The Judaic Teachings that Passed from James the Just to the Founding Fathers [Rochester, VT.: Inner Traditions, 2010], 367 pages. BR 195.J8 B88 2010
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Casey, Maurice. An Aramaic Approach to Q: Sources for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke (Society for New Testament Studies monograph series; 122) [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2002], 220 pages. BS 2555.52.C37 2002
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Chadwick, Henry. Studies on Ancient Christianity [Burlington, VT.: Variorum, 2006], 396 pages. BR162.3.C48 2006
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Cohick, Lynn H. Women in the World of the Earliest Christians: Illuminating Ancient Ways of Life [Grand Rapids, MI.: Baker Academic, 2009], 350 pages. BR 195.W6 C63 2009
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Corley, Kathleen E. Maranatha: Women's Funerary Rituals and Christian Origins [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2010], 262 pages. BR 195.W6 C665 2010
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DeMaris, Richard E. The New Testament in Its Ritual World [New York: Routledge, 2008], 143 pages. BR 162.3.D46 2008
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Edwards, Mark. Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church [Burlington, VT.: Ashgate Publishers, 2009], 201 pages. BR 162.3.E39 2009
-
Evans, Craig A. Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies: A Guide to the Background Literature [Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 2005], 539 pages. BS 2530.E93 2005
-
__________. Jesus and His World: The Archaeological Evidence [Louisville, KY.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2012], 192 pages. BS 621.E885 2012
-
Freeman, Charles. A New History of Early Christianity [New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009], 377 pages. BR 162.3.F73 2009
-
Hart, David Bentley. Atheist Delusions: The Christian Revolution and Its Fashionable Enemies [New Haven, CN.: Yale University Press, 2009], 253 pages. BR 162.3.H37 2009
-
Houlden, Leslie, et alia. Decoding Early Christianity: Truth and Legend in the Early Church [Westport, CN.: Greenwood World Publishers, 2007], 140 pages. BR 162.3.D43 2007
-
Jackson-McCabe, Matt, editor. Jewish Christianity Reconsidered: Rethinking Ancient Groups and Texts [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2007], 389 pages. BR 195.J8 J492 2007
-
Jones, Simon. The World of the Early Church [Oxford, England: Lion, 2011], 192 pages. BR 170.J64 2011
-
Joyner, Rick. Church History: The First Century [Fort Mill, SC.: Morning Star Publications, 2009], 215 pages. BR 162.3.J68 2009
-
Kaatz, Kevin. Early Controversies in the Growth of Christianity [Santa Barbara, CA.: Praeger, 2012], 163 pages. BR 162.3.K33 2012
-
Kesich, Veselin. Formation and Struggles: The Birth of the Church, A. D. 33-200, volume 1, part 1 [Crestwood, NY.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2007], 204 pages. BR 162.5.K47 2007
-
Kirk, Alan and Tom Thatcher, editors. Memory, Tradition, and Text: Uses of the Past in Early Christianity [Boston: Brill, 2005], 282 pages. BR 162.3.M46 2005
-
____________________________. Memory, Tradition, and Text: Uses of the Past in Early Christianity [Atlanta, GA.: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005], 282 pages. BR 162.3.M46 2005b
-
Kooten, Geurt Hendrik van. Paul's Anthropology in Context: The Image of God, Assimilation to God, and Tripartite Man in Ancient Judaism, Ancient Philosophy and Early Christianity [Tubingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 2008], 444 pages. BS 2655.M3 K66 2008
-
Levine, Amy-Jill. The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus [New York: HarperCollins, 2006], 250 pages. BM 535.L393 2006
-
____________, Dale C. Allison Jr., and John Dominic Crossan, editors. The Historical Jesus in Context (Princeton Readings in Religions) [Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 2006], 440 pages. BT 303.2.H4845
-
Longenecker, Bruce W., and Kelly D. Liebengood, editors. Engaging Economics: New Testament Scenarios and Early Christian Reception [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009], 336 pages. BR 115.E3 E63 2009
-
Lossi, Josef. The Early Church: History and Memory [New York: T & T Clark, 2010], 247 pages. BR 162.3.L66 2010
-
Monshouwer, Dirk. The Gospels and Jewish Worship: Bible and Synagogal Liturgy in the First Century C. E. [Vught, Netherland: Skandalon, 2010], 447 pages. BR 195.J8 M65 2010
-
Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome. St. Paul's Ephesus: Texts and Archaeology [Collegeville, MN.: Liturgical Press, 2008], 289 pages. BR 185.M87 2008
-
Nardo, Don. The Birth of Christianity [Greensboro, NC.: Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 2012], 112 pages. BR 162.3.N37 2012
-
Oegema, Gerbern S. Apocalyptic Interpretation of the Bible: Apocalypticism and Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism, the Apostle Paul, the Historical Jesus, and their Reception History (Jewish and Christian Texts, Vol. 13) [London, England: T&T Clark International, 2012], 194 pages. BT 821.3.O44 2012
-
Oegema, Gerbern S. and James H. Charlesworth The Pseudepigrapha and Christian Origins (Essays from the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas) [New York, N. Y.: T&T Clark, 2008], 295 pages. BT 1700.P74 2008
-
Partner, Peter. The Story of Christianity [London: Andre Deutsch, 2005], 383 pages. BR 162.3.P37 2005
-
Poorthuis, Marcel, Joshua Schwartz, and Joseph Turner, editors. Interaction Between Judaism and Christianity in History, Religion, Art, and Literature [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2009], 562 pages. BM 535.I4856 2009
-
Räisänen, Heikki. The Rise of Christian Beliefs: The Thought World of Early Christians [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2010], 479 pages. BR 162.3.R35 2010
-
Ratzinger, Joseph, Pope Benedict XVI. Great Christian Thinkers: From the Early Church through the Middle Ages [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2011], 316 pages. BR 162.3.B46 2011
-
Rizzi, Marco, editor. Hadrian and the Christians [New York: De Gruyter, 2010], 186 pages. BR 162.3.H33 2010
-
Samellas, Antigone. Alienation: The Experience of the Eastern Mediterranean (50 - 600 A. D.) [New York: Peter Lang, 2010], 556 pages. BR 162.3.S26 2010
-
Segal, Alan F. Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism [Boston, MA.: Brill Academic Publishers, Inc., 2002], 315 pages. BM 646.SH4 2002
-
Skarsaune, Oskar, and Reidar Hvalvik, editors. Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Early Centuries [Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2007], 930 pages. BR 195.J8 J49 2007
-
Sommer, Carl. We Look for a Kingdom: The Everyday Lives of the Early Christians [San Francisco, CA.: Ignatius Press, 2007], 422 pages. BR 915.C5 S66 2007
-
Stroumsa, Guy G. Hidden Wisdom: Esoteric Traditions and the Roots of Christian Mysticism [Boston: Brill, 2005], 211 pages. BR 195.O33 S77 2005
-
Tait, Michael, and Peter Oakes, editors. The Torah in the New Testament [New York: T&T Clark International, 2008], 278 pages. BS 2393.T67 2009
-
Theissen, Gerd, and Annette Merz. The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide, translated by John Bowden [Minneapolis, MN.: Augsburg Fortress Press, 1998], 642 pages. BT 297.T4713
-
White, Cynthia. The Emergence of Christianity [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2011], 220 pages. BR 162.3.W487 2011
-
Williams, D. H., editor. Tradition, Scripture, and Interpretation: A Sourcebook of the Ancient Church [Grand Rapids, MI.: Baker Academic, 2006], 189 pages. BR160.A2 T73 2006
-
Witherington III, Ben. A Week in the Life of Corinth [Downers Grove, IL.: InterVarsity Press, 2012], 160 pages. PS 36223.I865W44 2012
-
________________. New Testament History: A Narrative Account [Grand Rapids, MI.: Baker Academic, 2001], 430 pages. BS 2410.W55 2001
-
Dead Sea Scrolls
-
Cargill, Robert R. Qumran Through (Real) Time: A Virtual Reconstruction of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls [Piscataway, N. J.: Gorgias Press, 2009], 259 pages. DS 110.Q8 C37 2009
-
Charlesworth, James H., editor. The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Second Princeton Symposium on Judaism and Christian Origins [Waco, TX.: Baylor University Press, 2006], 3 volumes. BM 487.P855 1997
-
_________________., editor. The Hebrew Bible and Qumran [North Richland Hills, TX.: BIBAL Press, 2000], 359 pages. BM 487.H33 2000
-
Chazon, Esther G., Devorah Dimant, and Ruth A. Clements, editors. Reworking the Bible: Apocryphal and Related Texts at Qumran [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2005], 245 pages. BS 1700.R49 2005
-
Chazon, Esther G., and Michael Stone, editors. Pseudepigraphic Perspectives: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls [Boston, MA.: Brill, 1999], 217 pages. BS 1700.O75 1997
-
Collins, John Joseph. Beyond the Qumran Community: The Sectarian Movement of the Dead Sea Scrolls [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010], 266 pages. BM 175.Q6 C65 2010
-
Collins, John Joseph, and Craig A. Evans, editors. Christian Beginnings and the Dead Sea Scrolls [Grand Rapids, MI.: Baker Academic, 2006], 144 pages. BR 129.C42 2006
-
Cryer, Frederick H., and Thomas L. Thompson, editors. Qumran Between the Old and New Testaments [Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998], 398 pages. BM 487.Q583 1998
-
David, Nora, and Armin Lange, editors. Qumran and the Bible: Studying the Jewish and Christian Scriptures in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls [Leuven, Belgium: Peeters, 2010], 172 pages. BM 487.Q577 2010
-
Fields, Weston W. The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Short History [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2006], 128 pages. BM 487.F53 2006
-
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. The Impact of the Dead Sea Scrolls [New York, N. Y.: Paulist Press, 2009], 148 pages. BM 487.F546 2009
-
Freedman, David Noel, and Pam Fox Kuhlken. What are the Dead Sea Scrolls and Why Do They Matter? [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2007], 131 pages. BM 487.F67 2007
-
Grossman, Maxine L., editor. Rediscovering the Dead Sea Scrolls: An Assessment of Old and New Approaches and Methods [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishers, 2010], 318 pages. BM 487.R38 2010
-
Hogeterp, Albert L. A. Expectations of the End: A Comparative Traditio-Historical Study of Eschatological, Apocalyptic, and Messianic Ideas in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2009], 570 pages. BM 487.H58 2009
-
Hultgren, Stephen. From the Damascus Covenant to the Covenant of the Community [Boston, MA.: Brill, 2007], 621 pages. BM 487.H85 2007
-
Lim, Timothy H. The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Very Short Introduction [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2005], 138 pages. BM 487.L54 2005
-
Schuller, Eileen M. The Dead Sea Scrolls: What Have We Learned? [Louisville, KY.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006], 126 pages. BM 487.S335 2006
-
VanderKam, James C. The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bible [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2012], 188 pages. BM 487.V255 2012
-
_________________. The Dead Sea Scrolls Today [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2010], 260 pages. BM 487.V26 2010
-
Vermes, Geza, and Martin D. Goodman, editors. The Essenes: According to the Classical Sources [Sheffield, England: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Press, 1989], 103 pages. BM 175.E8 E85 1989
-
Falvius Josephus
-
Bartlett, John R. Jews in the Hellenistic World: Josephus, Aristeas, the Sybilline Oracles, Eupolemus [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1985], 209 pages. DS 122.B34 1985
-
Rajak, Tessa. Josephus, the Historian and His Society [Philadelphia, PA.: Fortress Press, 1984], 245 pages. DS 122.8.J83 1984
-
Shaw, Brent D. “Tyrants, Bandits, and Kings: Personal Power in Josephus” Journal of Jewish Studies, 44:2 (1993), 176-204.
-
Philo Judaeus of Alexandria
-
Borgen, Peder. Philo, John, and Paul: New Perspectives on Judaism and Early Christianity [Atlanta, GA.: Scholars Press, 1987], 324 pages. BS 2615.B638 1987
-
Goodenough, Erwin Ramsdell. An Introduction to Philo Judaeus [Lanham, MD.: University Press of America, 1986], 167 pages. B689.Z7 G58 1986
-
Winter, Bruce W. Philo and Paul Among the Sophists: Alexandrian and Corinthian Responses to a Julio-Claudian Movement, 2nd Ed. [Grand Rapids, MI.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2002], 320 pages. B 288.W56 1996
-
Egypt
-
Bagnall, Roger S. Early Christian Books in Egypt [Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 2009], 109 pages. BR 190.B34 2009
-
Goehring, James E., and Janet A. Timbie, editors. The World of Early Egyptian Christianity: Language, Literature, and Social Context: Essays in Honor of David W. Johnson [Washington, D. C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2007], 226 pages. BR 190.W67 2007
-
Jerusalem
-
Rajak, Tessa. Josephus, the Historian and His Society [Philadelphia, PA.: Fortress Press, 1984], 245 pages. DS 122.8.J83 1984
-
Shaw, Brent D. “Tyrants, Bandits, and Kings: Personal Power in Josephus” Journal of Jewish Studies, 44:2 (1993), 176-204.
-
Rome
-
Benning, Barry The Unspoken Power of Rome [Albuquerque, NM: Wellspring Books, 2001], 425 pages. PS 3602.E655 U57 2001
-
Bond, Helen K. Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2004], 249 pages. DS 122.B66 2004
-
Chancey, Mark A. Greco-Roman Culture and the Galilee of Jesus [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2005], 285 pages. DE 72.C47 2005
-
Conzelmann, Hans. Gentiles, Jews, Christians: Polemics and Apologetics in the Greco-Roman Era [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 1992], 390 pages. DS 145.C59513 1992
-
Ekelund, Robert B, Jr., and Robert D. Tollison. Economic Origins of Roman Christianity [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011], 269 pages. BR 163.E34 2011
-
Ermatinger, James W. Daily Life of Christians in Ancient Rome [Westport, CN.: Greenwood Press, 2007], 201 pages. BR 170.E76 2007
-
Eshleman, Kendra. The Social World of Intellectuals in the Roman Empire: Sophists, Philosophers, and Christians [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2012], 293 pages. DG78.E75 2012
-
Lieu, Judith M. Christian Identity in the Jewish and Graeco-Roman World [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2004], 370 pages. BR 166.L54 2004
-
Maier, Paul L. The Flames of Rome: A Novel , 3rd Edition [Grand Rapids, MI.: Kregel Publications, 2014], 475 pages. PS 3563.A382F57 1991
-
Morgan, Teresa. Literate Education in the Hellenistic and Roman Worlds [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1998], 364 pages. LA 71.M85 1998
-
Perkins, Judith. Roman Imperial Identities in the Early Christian Era [New York: Routledge, 2009], 209 pages. BR 170.P47 2009
-
Rizzi, Marco, editor. Hadrian and the Christians [New York: De Gruyter, 2010], 186 pages. BR 162.3.H33 2010
1
See Yoram Hazony, The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2012], Chapter 2, Part 1, “The New Testament as Witness”, pp. 47 - 54 (BS1186.3.H39 2012). Cf. "The Hebrew Bible . . . ought not to be confused with the Christian Bible, which is founded upon it, but which amounts to a very severe revision of the Bible of the Jews. . . . Christians call the Hebrew Bible the Old Testament, or Covenant, in order to supersede it with their New Testament, a work that remains altogether unacceptable to Jews, who do not regard their Covenant as Old and therefore superseded. I myself suggest that Jewish critics and readers might speak of their Scriptures as the Original Testament, and the Christians work as the Belated Testament, for that, after all, is what it is, a revisionary work that attempts to replace a book, Torah, with a man, Jesus of Nazareth, proclaimed as the Messiah of the House of David by Christian believers." Harold Bloom, The Book of J; [New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990, p.3]; cf. his " 'Before Moses Was, I Am': The Original and the Belated Testaments," in Notebooks in Cultural Analysis: An Annual Review I, Norman F. Cantor, Ed. [Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1984, p.3], and also Jack Miles, "The Order of the Canon and the Course of God's Life" in his God: A Biography; [New York: Vintage Books, 1995, pp. 15 - 16]. ↑
2
Some combination of the Catholic, Orthodox (including Anglican, Bulgarian, Ethiopian, Greek, and Russian), apocryphal, deutero-cannonical, and extra-cannonical literatures (and the so-called “pseudepigraphic” literatures [including Arabic, Armenian, Romanian, Slovanic, and Syriac Peshitta literatures, and the “lost books of the Bible” and “forgotten books of Eden”]) - the basic selection criteria is summarized by Hedley Frederick David Sparks in the “Preface” to his The Apocryphal Old Testament, (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. xv, where he writes, “Our single criterion for inclusion has been whether or not any particular item is attributed to (or is primarily concerned with the history or activities of) an Old [and I'll add “New”] Testament character (or characters). And we have tried to include all the more important and interesting items that satisfy this criterion, irrespective of date, and irrespective, too, of whether or not a convincing claim can be put forward on behalf of any one of them for a respectable Jewish [and I'll add "Christian"] pedigree.” (In addition, with the growth of understanding of the diversity of the early Judeo-Christian period since the works edited by Robert Henry Charles [The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, with introductions and critical and explanatory notes to the several books, Volume 1: Apocrypha {Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1913}, Volume 2: Pseudepigrapha [Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1913] and Montague Rhodes James [The Apocryphal New Testament, being the Apocryphal Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses, with other narratives and fragments {Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1924}], and even after some of the earlier works [1972 - 1991] of James H. Charlesworth, and the later works of Wilhelm Schneemelcher [New Testament Apocrypha, Revised Edition, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings {Louisville, KY.: Westminster Press, 1990}, Volume 2: Writings Relating to the Apostles; Apocalyptic and Related Subjects {Louisville, KY.: John Knox Press, 1992}], the textual tradition of the vast majority of these documents is either “Christian”, or “Jewish”, or “Jewish-Christian.” Cf. Samuel Sandmel's instructive article from the 1960s [the Presidential Address to the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, December 27, 1961]: "Parallelomania," Journal of Biblical Literature 81 [1962]: 1 - 13).
This literature (drawn from a variety of internet sources [if you come upon a broken link {links last checked via the W3C Link Validator on May 31, 2012}, then let me know by completing this Feedback form]), then, may include:
-
in relation to the Old Testament:
-
Additions to Esther
(as Alphabetical "Chapters" to the text in the Catholic New American Bible Revised Edition [2011], see "Introduction")
-
Apocalypse of Adam
-
Apocalypse of Ezra [Second Esdras {Ezra}, Third Esdras {(Ezra)in the Slavonic Bible}, Forth Esdras {(Ezra) in the Vulgate}] 3
-
Armenian Penitence of Adam [Georgian Book of Adam, Greek Apocalypse of Moses, Life of Adam and Eve, Revelation of Moses]
-
Assumption of Moses [Testament of Moses]
-
Bell and the Dragon
-
Book of Jubilees
-
The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest [The Book of the Palaces, The Revelation of Metatron, Third Enoch]
-
The Book of the Palaces [The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest, The Revelation of Metatron, Third Enoch]
-
The Book of the Secrets of Enoch [Second Enoch, Slavonic Book of Enoch]
-
Book of Wisdom [Wisdom, Wisdom of Solomon]
-
The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan
-
Ecclesiasticus [Sirach, Wisdom of Ben Sira, Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach]
-
Epistle of Jeremy [Letter of Jeremiah, Sixth Chapter of the First Book of Baruch]
-
Ethiopian Maccabees [First, Second, and Third Meqabyan {translated into English just recently (2008)}]
-
Ethiopic Book of Enoch [First Enoch]
-
Ezra [First Esdras {Third Esdras in the Vulgate}] 3
-
First Book of Baruch
-
First Enoch [Ethiopic Book of Enoch]
-
Second Enoch [The Book of the Secrets of Enoch, Slavonic Book of Enoch]
-
Third Enoch [The Book of the Palaces, The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest, The Revelation of Metatron]
-
First Esdras [Ezra {Third Esdras in the Vulgate}] 3
-
First Maccabees
-
First Meqabyan [Ethiopian Maccabees {translated into English just recently (2008)}]
-
Second Meqabyan [Ethiopian Maccabees {translated into English just recently (2008)}]
-
Third Meqabyan [Ethiopian Maccabees {translated into English just recently (2008)}]
-
Fourth Baruch [Paralipomena of Jeremiah]
-
Fourth Esdras ([Ezra] in the Vulgate) [Second Esdras {Ezra}, Third Esdras {in the Slavonic Bible}, also known as the Apocalypse of Ezra] 3
-
Fourth Maccabees
-
Greek Apocalypse of Baruch [Third Baruch]
-
Georgian Book of Adam [Armenian Penitence of Adam, Greek Apocalypse of Moses, Life of Adam and Eve, Revelation of Moses]
-
Greek Apocalypse of Moses [Armenian Penitence of Adam, Georgian Book of Adam, Life of Adam and Eve, Revelation of Moses]
-
Judith
-
Letter of Aristeas [Letter to Philocrates]
-
Letter of Baruch to the Nine and One-Half Tribes [Second Baruch, Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch]
-
Letter of Jeremiah [Epistle of Jeremy, Sixth Chapter of the First Book of Baruch]
-
Letter to Philocrates [Letter of Aristeas]
-
Life of Adam and Eve [Greek Apocalypse {or Revelation} of Moses, Armenian Penitence of Adam, Georgian Book of Adam]
-
Martyrdom, Vision, and Ascension of Isaiah
-
Paralipomena of Jeremiah [Fourth Baruch]
-
Prayer of Azariah [Song of the Three Holy Children]
(verses 23 - 90 added to Chapter 3 of the Book of Daniel in the Catholic New American Bible Revised Edition [2011])
-
Prayer of Manasseh
-
Psalm 151
-
Psalm 152
-
Psalm 153
-
Psalm 154
-
Psalm 155
-
Psalms of Solomon
-
The Revelation of Metatron [The Book of the Palaces, The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest, Third Enoch]
-
Revelation of Moses [Armenian Penitence of Adam, Georgian Book of Adam, Greek Apocalypse of Moses, Life of Adam and Eve]
-
Second Baruch [Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch and Letter of Baruch to the Nine and One-Half Tribes]
-
Second Enoch [The Book of the Secrets of Enoch, Slavonic Book of Enoch]
-
Second Esdras [Ezra] [Third Esdras {in the Slavonic Bible}, Forth Esdras {(Ezra) in the Vulgate}, also known as the Apocalypse of Ezra}] 3
-
Second Maccabees
-
Second Meqabyan [Ethiopian Maccabees {translated into English just recently (2008)}]
-
Sibylline Oracles
-
Sirach [Ecclesiasticus, Wisdom of Ben Sira, Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach]
-
Sixth Chapter of the First Book of Baruch [Epistle of Jeremy, Letter of Jeremiah]
-
Slavonic Book of Enoch [Second Enoch, The Book of the Secrets of Enoch]
-
Song of the Three Holy Children [Prayer of Azariah]
(verses 23 - 90 added to Chapter 3 of the Book of Daniel in the Catholic New American Bible Revised Edition [2011])
-
Susanna
-
Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch [Second Baruch and Letter of Baruch to the Nine and One-Half Tribes]
-
Testament of Adam
-
Testament of Moses [Assumption of Moses]
-
Testaments of the Twelve Patricarchs
-
Third Baruch [Greek Apocalypse of Baruch]
-
Third Esdras (in the Slavonic Bible) [Second Esdras {Ezra}, Forth Esdras (Ezra) in the Vulgate, also known as the Apocalypse of Ezra}] 3
-
Third Esdras (in the Vulgate) [First Esdras, Ezra] 3
-
Third Maccabees
-
Third Meqabyan [Ethiopian Maccabees {translated into English just recently (2008)}]
-
Tobit
-
Wisdom [Book of Wisdom, Wisdom of Solomon]
-
Wisdom of Ben Sira [Ecclesiasticus, Sirach, Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach]
-
Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach [Ecclesiasticus, Sirach, Wisdom of Ben Sira]
-
Wisdom of Solomon [Wisdom, Book of Wisdom]
(see also the Dead Sea Scrolls)
-
in relation to the New Testament:
-
Acts of Andrew (full abstract)
-
Acts of Barnabas
-
Acts of John
-
Acts of Paul (fragmentary and treated separately [most recent Syriac manuscript shows that this work originally included the "Acts of Paul and Thecla," "Epistle of the Corinthians to Paul," "Third Epistle to the Corinthians," and the "Martyrdom of Paul"])
-
Acts of Paul and Thecla (treated separately [most recent Syriac manuscript shows that this work was originally included in the "Acts of Paul," along with the "Epistle of the Corinthians to Paul," "Third Epistle to the Corinthians," and the "Martyrdom of Paul"])
-
Acts of Peter
-
Acts of Peter and Andrew
-
Acts of Peter and Paul
-
Acts of Peter and the Twelve
-
Acts of Philip
-
Acts of Pilate [Gospel of Pilate; also see "Acts of Pontius Pilate" (below), "Acts of Peter and Paul" (above), and "Gospel of Nicodemus" below]
-
Acts of Pontius Pilate [Gospel of Pilate; also see "Acts of Pilate," "Acts of Peter and Paul" (above), and "Gospel of Nicodemus" below]
-
Acts of the Martyrs (no specific document[s] found)
-
Acts of Thomas
-
The Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca
-
Apocalypse of Paul
-
Apocalypse of Peter
-
Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius
-
Apocalypse of Stephen [Revelation of Stephen]
-
Apocalypse of Thomas [Revelation of Thomas]
-
Apocryphon of James [Coptic Secret Book of James]
-
Apostolic Constitutions [Constitutions of the Holy Apostles, Canons of the Apostles]
-
The Arabic Gospel of the Infancy of the Savior [Syriac Infancy Gospel]
-
Armenian Epistle of the Corinthians to Paul [originally part of the Acts of Paul, see above]
-
The Book About the Origin of the Blessed Mary and the Childhood of the Savior [a redaction of the Infancy Gospel of James, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, and "Flight into Egypt" {Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, Infancy Gospel of Matthew}]
-
Book of Nepos [Refutation of the Allegorisers] (no text located)
-
Canons of the Apostles [Apostolic Constitutions, Constitutions of the Holy Apostles]
-
Cave of Treasures [The Treasures]
-
Clement's First Epistle to the Corinthians
-
Clementina [Clementine literature, Clementine Romance, Homilies, Kerygmata Petrou (reconstructed Preachings of Peter), Pseudo-Clementine Writings, Recognitions]
-
Clementine literature [Clementina, Clementine Romance, Homilies, Kerygmata Petrou (reconstructed Preachings of Peter), Pseudo-Clementine Writings, Recognitions]
-
Clementine Homilies [Clementina, Clementine literature, Clementine Romance, Kerygmata Petrou (reconstructed Preachings of Peter), Pseudo-Clementine Writings, Recognitions]
-
Clementine Recognitions [Clementina, Clementine literature, Clementine Romance, Homilies, Kerygmata Petrou (reconstructed Preachings of Peter), Pseudo-Clementine Writings]
-
Clementine Romance [Clementina, Clementine literature, Homilies, Kerygmata Petrou (reconstructed Preachings of Peter), Pseudo-Clementine Writings, Recognitions]
-
Constitutions of the Holy Apostles [Apostolic Constitutions, Canons of the Apostles]
-
The Coptic Book of the Resurrection of Christ (by St. Bartholomew)
-
Coptic Dialogue of the Savior
-
Coptic Gospel According to Mary Magdalene [Papyrus Berolinensis 8502]
-
Coptic Gospel of Judas
-
Coptic Gospel of Thomas
-
Coptic Secret Book of James [Apocryphon of James]
-
Descent of Mary (nothing online see excerpt in Schneemelcher, New Testament Apocrypha, Revised Edition, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings [Louisville, KY.: Westminster Press, 1990], pp. 395 - 396)
-
The Diatessaron
-
The Didache [The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles]
-
Encratites
-
Epistle of (a disciple) to Diognetus
-
Epistle of Barnabas
-
Epistle of Ignatius to the Smymaeans
-
Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians
-
Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians
-
Epistle of the Apostles [Gospel of the Apostles]
-
Epistle of the Corinthians to Paul (fragmentary and treated separately [most recent Syriac manuscript shows that this work originally included the "Acts of Paul," "Acts of Paul and Thecla," "Third Epistle to the Corinthians," and the "Martyrdom of Paul"])
-
Epistle to the Laodiceans (in the name of Paul)
-
The Epistula Apostolorum
-
First Apocalypse of James [First Revelation of James]
-
First Revelation of James [First Apocalypse of James]
-
The Fourteen Epistles between Seneca the Younger and Paul
-
Gospel of Apellis [Apelles or Appelles] (lost)
-
Gospel of Bardesanes (lost)
-
Gospel of Basilides (lost, but fragments quoted in early Christian writers)
-
Gospel of Cerinthus (lost, but suggested in early Christian writers)
-
Gospel of James [Infancy Gospel of James, Protoevangelium of James]
-
Gospel of Mani (lost)
-
Gospel of Marcion [Gospel of the Lord] (restoration from Tertillian's Adversus Marcionem, "Against the Marcionites" in Epiphanes' Panarion [Section 42], with gaps filled by the Gospel of Luke)
-
Gospel of Nicodemus [Acts of Pontius Pilate, Gospel of Pilate; also see "Acts of Pilate" and "Acts of Peter and Paul" above]
-
Gospel of Peter
-
Gospel of Pilate [Acts of Pontius Pilate, Gospel of Pilate; also see "Acts of Pilate" and "Acts of Peter and Paul" above]
-
Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew [a redaction of the Infancy Gospel of James, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, and "Flight into Egypt" {The Book About the Origin of the Blessed Mary and the Childhood of the Savior, Infancy Gospel of Matthew}]
-
Gospel of the Apostles [Epistle of the Apostles]
-
Gospel of the Ebionites (quotations from Epiphanius)
-
Gospel of the Egyptians
-
Gospel of the Hebrews
-
Gospel of the Lord [Gospel of Marcion] (restoration from Tertillian's Adversus Marcionem, "Against the Marcianites" in Epiphanes' Panarion (Section 42), with gaps filled by the Gospel of Luke)
-
Gospel of the Nativity of Mary
-
Gospel of the Nazareans [The Jewish Gospel]
-
Gospel of the Savior [Vision of the Savior, Papyrus Berolinensis 22220 {because fragmented and a number of orderings are possible, there is nothing available on the internet (see Charles W.Hedrick and Paul A. Mirecki, Editors, Gospel of the Savior: A New Ancient Gospel [Sonoma, CA.: Polebridge Press, 2004], and Bart D. Ehrmann, Editor, Lost Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2003] for translations)}]
-
Gospel of Thomas (Greek fragments)
-
Gospel (Questions) of St. Bartholomew
-
Greek Gospel According to Mary Magdalene (fragments - Rylands 463, Oxyrhynchus 3525 [In addition, see Karen L. King "The Gospel of Mary" in Miller, Robert J., editor, The Complete Gospels: Annotated Scholars Version, Revised and Expanded Edition {San Francisco, CA.: HarperCollins, 1994}, pp. 357 - 366, BS 2553.S24 1994; her translation of the Coptic {Egyptian} text gives preference to these two Greek fragments; cf. the different nuances in Bart D. Ehrman's "The Gospel of Mary" in Ehrman, Bart D., editor, Lost Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament {Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2003}, pp. 35 - 37, which utilizes the translation of George MacRae and Richard McLaren Wilson in Robinson, James M., The Nag Hammadi Library in English, 3rd ed. [Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1988], pp. 524 - 527]; and, of the many books available on Mary Magdalene, some of questionable value, see more recently, Ms. King's The Gospel of Mary of Magdala: Jesus and the First Woman Apostle [Santa Rosa, CA.: Polebridge Press, 2003], 231 pages, BT 1392.G652K56 2003 (pages 3 - 12 of that book available here); as well as Ann Graham Brock, Mary Magdalene, The First Apostle: The Struggle for Authority Harvard Theological Studies, Volume 51 [Cambridge, MA.: Harvard Divinity School, 2003], 235 pages, BS 2485.B73 2003, Jane Schaberg, The Resurrection of Mary Magdalene: Legends, Apocrypha, and the Christian Testament [New York, NY.: Continuum International Publishing Group, Inc., 2002], 382 pages, BS 2485.S34 2002, and, an earlier work, Susan Hasking, Mary Magdalene: Myth and Metaphor [New York, NY.: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1993], 503 pages, BS 2485.H27 1993.
-
History of Joseph the Carpenter
-
Infancy Gospel of James [Gospel of James, Protoevangelium of James]
-
Infancy Gospel of Matthew [a redaction of the Infancy Gospel of James, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, and "Flight into Egypt" {The Book About the Origin of the Blessed Mary and the Childhood of the Savior, Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew}]
-
Infancy Gospel of Thomas [which later was combined with the Infancy Gospel of James and "Flight into Egypt" and named The Book About the Origin of the Blessed Mary and the Childhood of the Savior {Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, Infancy Gospel of Matthew}]
-
The Jewish Gospel [Gospel of the Nazareans]
-
Kerygma Petri [The Preaching of Peter] (quotations from Clement [approving] and Origen [disapproving])
-
Life of John the Baptist (nothing online, see excerpt in Schneemelcher, New Testament Apocrypha, Revised Edition, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings [Louisville, KY.: Westminster Press, 1990], pp. 467 - 469)
-
Liturgy of St. James [Vaticanus graecus 2282]
-
Marcionism
-
Martyrdom of Paul, nothing online; see “The Martyrdom of Paul” in Lewis, Agnes Smith, translator, The Mythological Acts of the Apostles: Translated From an Arabic MS in the Convent of Deyr-Es_Suria, and from MSS in the Convent of St Catherine on Mount Sinai and in the Vatican Library (reprint of the 1904 edition) [Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2011], pp. 217-222; originally part of the Acts of Paul, see above]
-
Montanism
-
Papyrus Berolinensis 8502 [Coptic Gospel According to Mary Magdalene]
-
Papyrus Berolinensis 22220 [Gospel of the Savior, Vision of the Savior, {because fragmented and a number of orderings are possible, there is nothing available on the internet (see Charles W.Hedrick and Paul A. Mirecki, Editors, Gospel of the Savior: A New Ancient Gospel [Sonoma, CA.: Polebridge Press, 2004], and Bart D. Ehrmann, Editor, Lost Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2003] for translations)}]
-
Papyrus Egerton 2 [The Unknown Gospel]
-
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 840
-
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1224
-
The Pastor of Hermas [The Shepherd, The Shepherd of Hermas]
-
Penitence of Origen (no text located)
-
Physiologus (Middle English translation and commentary)
-
Prayer of Paul
-
The Preaching of Peter [Kerygma Petri] (quotations from Clement [approving] and Origen [disapproving])
-
Protoevangelium of James [Gospel of James, Infancy Gospel of James]
-
Pseudo-Clementine Writings [Clementina, Clementine literature, Clementine Romance, Homilies, Kerygmata Petrou (reconstructed Preachings of Peter), Recognitions]
-
Pseudo-Titus (nothing online; see Otero, Aurelio de Santos "The Pseudo-Titus Epistle" in Schneemelcher, Wilhelm, editor New Testament Apocrypha: Writings Relating to the Apostles; Apocalypses and Related Subjects, Volume Two [Louisville, KY.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003], pp. 53-74. BS 2832.S3 2003)
-
Refutation of the Allegorisers [Book of Nepos] (no text located)
-
Revelation of Stephen [Apocalypse of Stephen]
-
Revelation of Thomas [Apocalypse of Thomas]
-
Sayings Gospel Q [hypothetical - four reconstructions (cf. the other "Sayings Gospels" - Coptic Gospel of Thomas, Greek Gospel of Thomas [fragments], Coptic Secret Book of James [Apocryphon of James], Coptic Dialogue of the Savior, Coptic Gospel According to Mary Magdalene [Papyrus Berolinensis 8502], Greek Gospel According to Mary Magdalene [fragments - Rylands 463, Oxyrhynchus 3525] - and, most recently, John S. Kloppenborg, Ed., The Sayings Gospel Q in Greek and English with Parallels from the Gospels of Mark and Thomas [Minneapolis, MN.: Fortress Press, 2002]),
-
Second Apocalypse of James [Second Revelation of James]
-
Second Revelation of James [Second Apocalypse of James]
-
Second Epistle to the Corinthians (attributed to Clement)
-
Secret Gospel of Mark
-
Sentences of Sextus
-
The Shepherd [The Pastor of Hermas, The Shepherd of Hermas]
-
The Shepherd of Hermas [The Pastor of Hermas, The Shepherd]
-
Signs Gospel (hypothetical - no text found online; cf. most recently, Tom Thatcher, Ed., What We Have Heard From the Beginning: The Past, Present, and Future of Johanine Studies [Waco, TX.: Baylor University Press, 2007])
-
Syriac Infancy Gospel [The Arabic Gospel of the Infancy of the Savior]
-
The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles [The Didache]
-
The Treasures [Cave of Treasures]
-
Third Epistle to the Corinthians [cf. the “Letter of Peter to James” and its “Reception” as part of the preface to the “Homilies of Clement” {see below}; originally part of the Acts of Paul, see above]
-
The Unknown Gospel [Papyrus Egerton 2]
-
Vaticanus graecus 2282 [Liturgy of St. James]
-
Vision of the Savior, [Gospel of the Savior, Papyrus Berolinensis 22220 {because fragmented and a number of orderings are possible, there is nothing available on the internet (see Charles W.Hedrick and Paul A. Mirecki, Editors, Gospel of the Savior: A New Ancient Gospel [Sonoma, CA.: Polebridge Press, 2004], and Bart D. Ehrmann, Editor, Lost Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament [Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2003] for translations)}]
Cf
.
-
The early Jewish-Christian writings of the Carpocratians, the Cerinthians, the Ebionites, the Elcesaites, the Essenes, the Nazarenes, the Nazoraeans, and the Sampsaeans (not to mention any more [Epiphanius of Salamis in the 4th century gives the most complete {but also questionable} account of these writings in his heresiology called Panarion (also known as Adversus Haereses), denouncing close to eighty sects as "heretical"])
-
The Gnostic writings (in their Syrian and Alexandrine forms [see the Nag Hammadi Codices])
-
Overall -
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3
The books associated with the scribe Ezra are titled differently in different versions of the Bible. The following table summarizes the various names:
The
Thirty-nine Articles
of the Anglican Church follow the naming convention of the Vulgate. Likewise, the Vulgate enumeration is often used by modern scholars, who nevertheless use the name Ezra to avoid confusion with the Greek and Slavonic enumerations:
1 Ezra
(Ezra),
2 Ezra
(Nehemiah),
3 Ezra
(Esdras A´ / 1 Esdras),
4 Ezra
(chapters 3-14 of 4 Esdras),
5 Ezra
(chapters 1-2 of 4 Esdras) and
6 Ezra
(chapters 15-16 of 4 Esdras).
↑